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AP Biology — Unit 5 — Non-Mendelian Inheritance — Drill 19

Drill 19 ·

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About This Drill

AP Biology — Unit 5 — Non-Mendelian Inheritance — Drill 19 is a practice drill. It contains 5 original questions created by Brian Stewart, a Barron's test prep author with over 20 years of tutoring experience.

Practice analyzing inheritance patterns that deviate from simple Mendelian ratios with this AP Biology drill. You will evaluate incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, sex-linked traits, and epistasis, and distinguish these patterns from standard dominant-recessive inheritance based on phenotypic ratios.

Passage

While Mendel's laws describe many traits accurately, several patterns produce results that differ from simple 3:1 or 9:3:3:1 ratios. Incomplete Dominance: The heterozygote displays an intermediate phenotype. A cross between a red-flowered plant (RR) and a white-flowered plant (WW) produces pink-flowered offspring (RW). Selfing the pink (RW x RW) produces 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white. Codominance: Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote. Human ABO blood type involves the I^A and I^B alleles, which are codominant with each other (both dominant over i). A person with genotype I^AI^B has blood type AB, expressing both A and B antigens simultaneously. Sex-Linked Traits: Genes on the X chromosome are inherited differently by males (XY) and females (XX). Males have only one X chromosome, so they express X-linked recessive traits whenever they carry the recessive allele (hemizygous). Hemophilia and red-green color blindness are X-linked recessive traits. Epistasis: One gene masks or modifies the expression of another. In Labrador retrievers, coat color involves two genes: B/b (black/brown pigment) and E/e (pigment deposition). Dogs with at least one E allele and at least one B allele are black (B_E_). Dogs with E_bb are chocolate/brown. Dogs with ee are yellow regardless of B genotype. ABO Blood Type Sample:
Blood TypeGenotype(s)Count
Type AI^AI^A or I^Ai420
Type BI^BI^B or I^Bi180
Type ABI^AI^B80
Type Oii320

Questions in This Drill

  1. Two pink-flowered plants (RW genotype, incomplete dominance) are crossed. What phenotypic ratio is expected in the offspring?
  2. A woman with blood type A (genotype I^Ai) and a man with blood type B (genotype I^Bi) have children. Which of the following correctly lists all possible blood types their children could have?
  3. Red-green color blindness is X-linked recessive. A woman with normal vision whose father was color blind has children with a man who has normal vision. What is the probability that their son will be color blind?
  4. In Labrador retrievers, a cross between two black dogs (BbEe x BbEe) produces a litter of 16 puppies. Based on the epistasis model described in the passage, how many puppies are expected to be yellow?
  5. A cross between two black mice produces offspring in the ratio 9 black : 3 brown : 4 white. Which of the following best explains the 4 white offspring?