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AP Biology — Unit 6 — Translation — Drill 25

Drill 25 ·

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About This Drill

AP Biology — Unit 6 — Translation — Drill 25 is a practice drill. It contains 5 original questions created by Brian Stewart, a Barron's test prep author with over 20 years of tutoring experience.

Test your understanding of translation, including ribosome mechanics, codon reading, tRNA function, and the molecular requirements for polypeptide synthesis.

Passage

Researchers studying protein synthesis in E. coli use a cell-free translation system to observe ribosome activity. They introduce a synthetic mRNA with the following sequence: 5'-AUGUUCCCGUAGCGU-3'. "Charged tRNA" refers to aminoacyl-tRNA (tRNA with its amino acid attached).
Experimental Conditions:
Condition 1: mRNA Present YesCharged tRNA Present YesRibosome Active YesPolypeptide Produced: Yes (3 amino acids)
Condition 2: mRNA Present YesCharged tRNA Present NoRibosome Active YesPolypeptide Produced: No
Condition 3: mRNA Present YesCharged tRNA Present YesRibosome Active NoPolypeptide Produced: No

Questions in This Drill

  1. Using the mRNA sequence provided, how many amino acids are incorporated into the polypeptide before translation terminates?
  2. A student claims that charged tRNA is required for peptide bond formation during elongation. Which condition in the table provides the strongest evidence for this claim?
  3. During translation of the synthetic mRNA, at which ribosomal site does peptide bond formation occur?
  4. The researchers repeat the experiment using a modified mRNA in which the AUG start codon is replaced with AUC. Which result is most likely?
  5. In eukaryotic cells, translation of most mRNAs requires both a 5' cap and a poly-A tail. A researcher proposes that these two modifications act independently to promote translation. Which experimental finding would most directly challenge this proposal?